Awareness of the risk factors associares with radiation in pregnant women: An experience report

Abstract

The discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895 revolutionized medical diagnosis, however the use of ionizing radiation presents risks, especially for pregnant women. Inadequate radiation exposure during pregnancy can cause significant harm to the fetus, varying according to the gestational period. In the first few days, between the 4th and 6th day, exposure can result in miscarriage; between the 3rd and 8th week, there is a higher risk of malformations in the central nervous system; and between the 8th and 15th week, radiation can cause microcephaly and mental retardation. High doses, above 50-100 mg, are particularly dangerous and can cause, in addition to foetal damage, sterility and oncogenicity. The objective of this article was to raise awareness among pregnant women about the risk factors associated with radiation exposure, focusing on the impacts on the health of the mother and baby. The relevance of the study lies in the widespread misinformation about the risks of radiation for pregnant women, which can increase the potential for harm to the fetus. The project's methodology consists of an educational approach where conversation circles will be held in a basic health unit during prenatal consultations, where the topic will be addressed dynamically. After an explanation about the risks of radiation, a space will be opened for questions and answers, followed by the distribution of souvenirs in gratitude for the participation of pregnant women. The expected results include a significant increase in pregnant women's awareness of the risks of ionizing radiation, promoting behaviors that favor better protection during pregnancy. It is also expected to encourage dialogue on biosafety measures between health professionals and pregnant women, contributing to the reduction of unnecessary exposure to radiation. In the long term, the study seeks a decrease in cases of complications associated with radiation exposure during pregnancy, resulting in better health outcomes for both mothers and babies.