Preservação da Fertilidade Masculina em Pacientes Oncológicos: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Preservation of Male Fertility in Oncology Patients: An Integrative Review
Abstract
Oncofertility encompasses the fields of oncology and reproduction, aiming at fertility prevention strategies for cancer patients. Anti-tumor therapies can cause infertility in patients, but seminal cryopreservation is an alternative to guarantee fertility preservation. With this in mind, the aim was to investigate the impact of cancer treatment on male fertility, as well as biotechniques for preserving fertility in these patients. This is a qualitative integrative literature review using descriptors related to the topic. Publications in Portuguese and English from 2012 to 2022 were included. A total of 15 articles were selected. The efficacy of anti-cancer therapy does not imply a reduction in reproductive functions; however, for males, infertility is a potential complication. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can damage the seminiferous epithelium and impair spermatogenesis. To preserve male fertility, cryopreservation of semen and testicular tissue are alternatives, the latter being in the experimental phase. It can therefore be concluded that male infertility is a possible effect of cancer therapies. Nevertheless, it is important to inform patients about the risks to their reproductive capacity, as well as bring to light bio-techniques for preserving the fertility of these patients.
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